Study investigates dietary exposures in relation to coronary heart disease

CHICAGO Although a wealth of literature links dietary factors and coronary heart disease, the strength of the evidence supporting valid associations has not been evaluated systematically in a single investigation.

A new study published Monday in the Archives of Internal Medicine seeks to change that.

Researchers conducted a systematic search of MEDLINE for prospective cohort studies or randomized trials investigating dietary exposures in relation to CHD. Strong evidence supports valid associations of protective factors, including intake of vegetables and nuts. There are also several associations of harmful factors, including intake of trans–fatty acids and foods with a high glycemic index or load.

There was also strong evidence in support of monounsaturated fatty acids and "prudent" and "western" dietary patterns as beneficiary to heart health. Moderate evidence of associations exists for intake of fish, omega-3 fatty acids, folate, whole grains, dietary vitamins E and C, beta carotene, alcohol, fruit and fiber.

The evidence supports a valid association of a limited number of dietary factors and dietary patterns with CHD, the researchers concluded. Future evaluation of dietary patterns, including their nutrient and food components, in cohort studies and randomized trials is recommended.